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VIRAL HEPATITIS World’s leading killer disease

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Health experts warn that viral hepatitis has become one of the leading causes of death in the world. The disease is characterised by inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis virus with the inflammation starting suddenly and lasting only for a few weeks.

research released by Imperial College London and the University of Washington a few months ago showed that viral hepatitis has become a leading cause of death worldwide with death toll that matches AIDS and tuberculosis.  The report estimates hepatitis infections and their complications led to 1.5 million deaths in 2013 – this is despite the existence of vaccines and treatments. This confirms the report that the disease is killing more people than AIDS, which according to World Health Organization (WHO), killed 1.2 million people in 2014 while tuberculosis was responsible for 1.5 million deaths in the same year.

The term hepatitis refers to swelling of the liver. Although there are various causes of hepatitis such as viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic organisms, the one caused by virus (viral hepatitis) is the most common type. There are three major types of viral hepatitis and they include viral hepatitis A, B and C. We also have type D and E, which are very rare.

Viral hepatitis affects millions of people worldwide, causing acute and chronic liver disease and killing close to 1.4 million people every year, mostly from hepatitis B and C. History has it that hepatitis was first discovered after World War II with its discovery being associated with revolution in medicine and public health.

Causes of viral hepatitis

As far as hepatitis A is concerned, one can get it by drinking water or eating food contaminated with feaces from an infected person. In addition, you can get this type of hepatitis by eating food prepared by a person with the virus who didn’t wash his or her hands after visiting the bathroom.

In the case of hepatitis B, you can get it if you come into contact with an infected person’s blood, semen and other fluids during intercourse, and needles from drug use.

The symptoms range from mild flu to fatal liver failure. In some cases, infected people don’t show any infection signs while those who exhibit it complain of headache, muscle aches, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain and low grade fever, among others.

Treating viral hepatitis

Globally, many people who need treatment for hepatitis do not receive it. This is largely due to lack of awareness and poor access to hepatitis treatment services. According to WHO, over 90 per cent of people with hepatitis C can be completely cured of the virus within three to six months. Appropriate treatment of hepatitis B and C can prevent the development of major life-threatening complications of chronic liver disease.

Treatment of acute viral hepatitis and chronic viral hepatitis are different. Treating acute viral hepatitis involves resting, relieving symptoms and maintaining adequate intake of fluids while treating of chronic viral hepatitis involves medications to eradicate the virus and taking measures to prevent further liver damage.

Patients with acute hepatitis A usually require only supportive care with no restrictions in diet or activity. Hospitalisation may be necessary for patients who become dehydrated because of nausea and vomiting and is critical for patients with signs of acute liver failure. Medications that might cause liver damage or are metabolised by the liver should be used with caution among persons with hepatitis A. It takes 12 weeks to a year for a body to get rid of the hepatitis virus.   

The sure-fire way of preventing viral hepatitis is through vaccination as it is an effective means of preventing hepatitis transmission among people at risk of infection. In addition, it is advisable to always wash one’s hands with warm, soapy water after using the toilet or changing diapers and before fixing food or eating. Also, avoid drinking untreated water.

Expert Advice…

What you need to know about viral hepatitis:

  Anyone can get it
  A blood test can show whether you have it
You can avoid getting it by receiving a vaccine
  A baby cannot get hepatitis A from breast milk
  Children younger than six years may have no symptoms
See your doctor right way if you think you have been in contact with somebody with the virus.

Published in August 2016

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Cover Story

Elizabeth Nzisa: The Firstborn Who Became a Mother Overnight

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While most teenagers spend their days focused on school, friendships, and dreams for the future, Elizabeth Nzisa, fondly known as Shiku, was forced to grow up much faster than she ever imagined. At only 17 years old, she found herself taking on the role of a mother to her three younger siblings after her family was hit by tragedy not once, but twice.

Her story, shared in an emotional interview, is a powerful reflection of strength, sacrifice and the deep bond between siblings. Elizabeth recalls the moment her life changed completely. Her mother died while giving birth to their youngest sibling, a baby boy. In the middle of that painful loss, their father walked away from the family, leaving Elizabeth alone with a newborn and two other young children to care for.

Mama yetu alipass 2024, Feb. Alipass akipata haka katoto kadogo. Dad naye akatuacha akaenda

 

Becoming a Mother Too Soon

She explains that she had no choice but to step up and become the parent in the house. She raised her youngest brother from the day he was born, and to this day he calls her mum, not knowing she is actually his big sister. That detail alone shows how much responsibility she carried at such a young age. She became the provider, the protector, the caregiver, and the emotional support for her siblings while she was still trying to understand life herself. With little help from relatives, Elizabeth had to find ways to survive, balancing school when she could, doing small jobs and making sure her siblings were fed, safe and loved.

The journey was not easy. She faced financial struggles, emotional exhaustion, and the pressure of trying to stay strong even when she felt overwhelmed. There were moments when she doubted herself and wondered if she was doing enough. Still, her story is not about defeat. It is about endurance. Elizabeth talks about finding strength through faith, support from the people around her, and the determination to keep her family together no matter how hard things became.

Over the years, she made sure her siblings stayed in school, had food on the table, and grew up feeling loved despite everything they had lost. What could have been a completely broken home became a family held together by her sacrifice and commitment.

Many viewers reacted emotionally, saying the story moved them to tears. Some described firstborn daughters as second mothers, while others said her life shows the kind of courage people rarely see but should never forget.

 

Click here to read our March issue 2026

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Cover Story

Elizabeth Nzisa: The Firstborn Who Became a Mother Overnight

Published

on

While most teenagers spend their days focused on school, friendships, and dreams for the future, Elizabeth Nzisa, fondly known as Shiku, was forced to grow up much faster than she ever imagined. At only 17 years old, she found herself taking on the role of a mother to her three younger siblings after her family was hit by tragedy not once, but twice.

Her story, shared in an emotional interview, is a powerful reflection of strength, sacrifice and the deep bond between siblings. Elizabeth recalls the moment her life changed completely. Her mother died while giving birth to their youngest sibling, a baby boy. In the middle of that painful loss, their father walked away from the family, leaving Elizabeth alone with a newborn and two other young children to care for.

Mama yetu alipass 2024, Feb. Alipass akipata haka katoto kadogo. Dad naye akatuacha akaenda

 

Becoming a Mother Too Soon

She explains that she had no choice but to step up and become the parent in the house. She raised her youngest brother from the day he was born, and to this day he calls her mum, not knowing she is actually his big sister. That detail alone shows how much responsibility she carried at such a young age. She became the provider, the protector, the caregiver, and the emotional support for her siblings while she was still trying to understand life herself. With little help from relatives, Elizabeth had to find ways to survive, balancing school when she could, doing small jobs and making sure her siblings were fed, safe and loved.

The journey was not easy. She faced financial struggles, emotional exhaustion, and the pressure of trying to stay strong even when she felt overwhelmed. There were moments when she doubted herself and wondered if she was doing enough. Still, her story is not about defeat. It is about endurance. Elizabeth talks about finding strength through faith, support from the people around her, and the determination to keep her family together no matter how hard things became.

Over the years, she made sure her siblings stayed in school, had food on the table, and grew up feeling loved despite everything they had lost. What could have been a completely broken home became a family held together by her sacrifice and commitment.

Many viewers reacted emotionally, saying the story moved them to tears. Some described firstborn daughters as second mothers, while others said her life shows the kind of courage people rarely see but should never forget.

 

Click here to read our March issue 2026

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Cover Story

Endometriosis and sex: How to make intimacy pain-free

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There is no doubt that endometriosis can affect a woman’s way of life. The condition slews a couple of conditions, painful sex being one of them. Penetration pulls and pushes any tissue growth behind the vagina and lower uterus.

Although symptoms may differ from woman to woman, here are some things you can do to lessen your pain and ensure you have some good time:

Take a dose of painkillers

Take an over the counter painkiller that sits well with your body before intercourse and incase pain persists, take another one as prescribed.

Track your cycle and try at certain times of the month

Most women with endometriosis experience excruciating pain during their period and ovulation. Keep track of your cycle so that you can know when you are ovulating. You can use apps like my calendar and flo period tracker to track your periods. This will help you know when best to engage in sexual intercourse.

READ ALSO: Crucial Facts About Endometriosis Everyone Should Know About

Use lube

Vaginal dryness is not something to be ashamed of and if you happen to have it, lube should be your best buddy. Make sure to use any silicon or water based lubricant anytime you feel like your vagina is dry. Ensure the application is of good amount to achieve a wet area.

Explore alternatives

Talk with your partner about things that turn you on and bring you pleasure. Just to mention a few; mutual masturbation, foreplay, kissing and mutual fondling. Sex does not have to mean intercourse.

Try different positions

Experimenting different positions can teach you and your partner which ones hurt and the ones that bring direct pleasure with no or less pain. Positions that are considered better vary from person to person so take the time to explore and learn yourself with your partner.

Find the right rhythm

Finding the right rhythm can help you experience less discomfort during sex. Quick thrusting or deep penetration can aggravate pain. Talk to your partner about that which you do not like and find ways that will satisfy the both of you like exchanging positions so that you can control the speed and rhythm.

Bottom line

Intimacy does not have to be boring, painful or make you hate the condition that you have. Talk openly about your feelings around sex and penetration and what would help to ease your concerns.

Our FREE  e-paper March Issue is here!
As we celebrate our women this month, we bring you the best stories and the most inspiring features to get you going.
Click HERE to read!

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