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Shedding light on ENDOMETRIOSIS

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Endometriosis is a poorly understood condition that affects millions of women in their reproductive age. The severity of the disorder is mostly ignored with many dismissing it as ‘women’s troubles’, yet sufferers live in severe pain and sometimes are also unable to work and socialise. It may also cause fertility problems. Here’s what you need to know about this debilitating condition.

Endometriosis is a condition resulting from the appearance of the endometrium tissue (the lining of the uterus) outside the uterus. The endometrium can grow on the bowel, pelvis lining and ovaries resulting in severe pelvic area pain. The displaced endometrial tissue continues to act as it normally would – it thickens, breaks down and bleeds with each menstrual cycle. However, the displaced tissue has no way to exit the body hence it gets trapped. This may cause the surrounding tissues to become irritated leading to scar tissues and adhesions hence the pain.

What causes endometriosis?

The exact causes of endometriosis are not known but possible causes include:

Retrograde menstruation: This is a situation where menstrual blood containing endometrial cells flows back through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvic cavity instead of out of the body.

Surgical scar: After a surgery such as a Caesarian section, endometrial cells may attach to a surgical incision.

Endometrial cells transport: Blood or lymph fluid may carry endometrial cells to other parts of the body.

Immune system disorder: It’s possible that a problem with the immune system may make the body unable to recognise and destroy endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus.

Family history: Women who have a close relative with the condition are up to between seven and 10 times likely to get endometriosis. It is also common for twins to get endometriosis particularly if they are identical.

Other possible factors include delay in childbirth, early pregnancy, alcohol, low body weight, regularly having less than 27 days between periods, heavy bleeding during periods and periods lasting longer than five days.

Symptoms of endometriosis

The symptoms vary from one woman to another but the main ones include:

Pain

  Pain immediately before and during your period.

  Pain during and after sex.

Ovulation pain, including pain in your thigh or leg.

Bleeding

Heavy bleeding with or without clots.

  Irregular bleeding with or without a regular cycle.

  Bleeding longer than normal.

Bleeding before your period is due.

Tiredness

  Anxiety and depression due to ongoing pain.

Symptoms of endometriosis appear to go away with pregnancy. This is thought to be because pregnancy hormones cause the endometriosis to reduce. After the baby is born, the effects of endometriosis are unclear.

Treatment of endometriosis

Currently, there is no cure for the condition. The available treatments aim at reducing the severity of symptoms and improving the quality of life for a woman living with the condition. The type of treatment you receive should be decided between you and your healthcare professional. Treatment options available to women with endometriosis include:

Medicine: If you have pain or bleeding but aren’t planning to get pregnant soon, birth control hormones (patch, pill or ring) may be all that you need to control the pain. Birth control hormones are likely to keep endometriosis from getting worse.

Dietary changes: Eat organic foods. Avoid refined white sugar, white flour and white rice. Also avoid soy products and reduce the intake of processed food.

Castor oil: This is an old effective remedy for endometriosis. Castor oil helps the body get rid of excess tissues and toxins. It should be used at the beginning of menstrual cycle when cramping is first noticed.

Pelvic massage: Massaging the pelvic area and lower abdomen with an essential oil like lavender or sandalwood will help to relax muscles and soothe minor pain associated with endometriosis.

Surgery: It is usually chosen for severe symptoms when hormones are not providing relief or if you are having fertility problems.

Stages of endometriosis

Staging of endometriosis is based on the location, amount, depth and size of the endometrial tissue. Specific criteria include the extent of spread tissue, involvement of pelvic structures in the disease, extent of pelvic adhesions and blockage of the fallopian tubes. There are four stages of endometriosis:

  Stage 1: Minimal endometriosis is characterised by small wounds, inflammation and endometrial implants on one’s ovary.

  Stage 2: Mild endometriosis involves light wounds and shallow implants on an ovary and the pelvic lining.

  Stage 3: Moderate endometriosis is characterised by deep implants on one’s ovary and pelvic lining.

  Stage 4: Severe endometriosis involves deep implants on the pelvic lining and ovaries. There may be wounds on the bowels and fallopian tubes.

The stage of the endometriosis does not necessarily reflect the level of pain experienced, risk of infertility or symptoms present. For instance, it is possible for a woman in stage one to be in tremendous pain while one in stage four is asymptomatic.

May 2016

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Cover Story

Elizabeth Nzisa: The Firstborn Who Became a Mother Overnight

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While most teenagers spend their days focused on school, friendships, and dreams for the future, Elizabeth Nzisa, fondly known as Shiku, was forced to grow up much faster than she ever imagined. At only 17 years old, she found herself taking on the role of a mother to her three younger siblings after her family was hit by tragedy not once, but twice.

Her story, shared in an emotional interview, is a powerful reflection of strength, sacrifice and the deep bond between siblings. Elizabeth recalls the moment her life changed completely. Her mother died while giving birth to their youngest sibling, a baby boy. In the middle of that painful loss, their father walked away from the family, leaving Elizabeth alone with a newborn and two other young children to care for.

Mama yetu alipass 2024, Feb. Alipass akipata haka katoto kadogo. Dad naye akatuacha akaenda

 

Becoming a Mother Too Soon

She explains that she had no choice but to step up and become the parent in the house. She raised her youngest brother from the day he was born, and to this day he calls her mum, not knowing she is actually his big sister. That detail alone shows how much responsibility she carried at such a young age. She became the provider, the protector, the caregiver, and the emotional support for her siblings while she was still trying to understand life herself. With little help from relatives, Elizabeth had to find ways to survive, balancing school when she could, doing small jobs and making sure her siblings were fed, safe and loved.

The journey was not easy. She faced financial struggles, emotional exhaustion, and the pressure of trying to stay strong even when she felt overwhelmed. There were moments when she doubted herself and wondered if she was doing enough. Still, her story is not about defeat. It is about endurance. Elizabeth talks about finding strength through faith, support from the people around her, and the determination to keep her family together no matter how hard things became.

Over the years, she made sure her siblings stayed in school, had food on the table, and grew up feeling loved despite everything they had lost. What could have been a completely broken home became a family held together by her sacrifice and commitment.

Many viewers reacted emotionally, saying the story moved them to tears. Some described firstborn daughters as second mothers, while others said her life shows the kind of courage people rarely see but should never forget.

 

Click here to read our March issue 2026

Continue Reading

Cover Story

Elizabeth Nzisa: The Firstborn Who Became a Mother Overnight

Published

on

While most teenagers spend their days focused on school, friendships, and dreams for the future, Elizabeth Nzisa, fondly known as Shiku, was forced to grow up much faster than she ever imagined. At only 17 years old, she found herself taking on the role of a mother to her three younger siblings after her family was hit by tragedy not once, but twice.

Her story, shared in an emotional interview, is a powerful reflection of strength, sacrifice and the deep bond between siblings. Elizabeth recalls the moment her life changed completely. Her mother died while giving birth to their youngest sibling, a baby boy. In the middle of that painful loss, their father walked away from the family, leaving Elizabeth alone with a newborn and two other young children to care for.

Mama yetu alipass 2024, Feb. Alipass akipata haka katoto kadogo. Dad naye akatuacha akaenda

 

Becoming a Mother Too Soon

She explains that she had no choice but to step up and become the parent in the house. She raised her youngest brother from the day he was born, and to this day he calls her mum, not knowing she is actually his big sister. That detail alone shows how much responsibility she carried at such a young age. She became the provider, the protector, the caregiver, and the emotional support for her siblings while she was still trying to understand life herself. With little help from relatives, Elizabeth had to find ways to survive, balancing school when she could, doing small jobs and making sure her siblings were fed, safe and loved.

The journey was not easy. She faced financial struggles, emotional exhaustion, and the pressure of trying to stay strong even when she felt overwhelmed. There were moments when she doubted herself and wondered if she was doing enough. Still, her story is not about defeat. It is about endurance. Elizabeth talks about finding strength through faith, support from the people around her, and the determination to keep her family together no matter how hard things became.

Over the years, she made sure her siblings stayed in school, had food on the table, and grew up feeling loved despite everything they had lost. What could have been a completely broken home became a family held together by her sacrifice and commitment.

Many viewers reacted emotionally, saying the story moved them to tears. Some described firstborn daughters as second mothers, while others said her life shows the kind of courage people rarely see but should never forget.

 

Click here to read our March issue 2026

Continue Reading

Cover Story

Endometriosis and sex: How to make intimacy pain-free

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There is no doubt that endometriosis can affect a woman’s way of life. The condition slews a couple of conditions, painful sex being one of them. Penetration pulls and pushes any tissue growth behind the vagina and lower uterus.

Although symptoms may differ from woman to woman, here are some things you can do to lessen your pain and ensure you have some good time:

Take a dose of painkillers

Take an over the counter painkiller that sits well with your body before intercourse and incase pain persists, take another one as prescribed.

Track your cycle and try at certain times of the month

Most women with endometriosis experience excruciating pain during their period and ovulation. Keep track of your cycle so that you can know when you are ovulating. You can use apps like my calendar and flo period tracker to track your periods. This will help you know when best to engage in sexual intercourse.

READ ALSO: Crucial Facts About Endometriosis Everyone Should Know About

Use lube

Vaginal dryness is not something to be ashamed of and if you happen to have it, lube should be your best buddy. Make sure to use any silicon or water based lubricant anytime you feel like your vagina is dry. Ensure the application is of good amount to achieve a wet area.

Explore alternatives

Talk with your partner about things that turn you on and bring you pleasure. Just to mention a few; mutual masturbation, foreplay, kissing and mutual fondling. Sex does not have to mean intercourse.

Try different positions

Experimenting different positions can teach you and your partner which ones hurt and the ones that bring direct pleasure with no or less pain. Positions that are considered better vary from person to person so take the time to explore and learn yourself with your partner.

Find the right rhythm

Finding the right rhythm can help you experience less discomfort during sex. Quick thrusting or deep penetration can aggravate pain. Talk to your partner about that which you do not like and find ways that will satisfy the both of you like exchanging positions so that you can control the speed and rhythm.

Bottom line

Intimacy does not have to be boring, painful or make you hate the condition that you have. Talk openly about your feelings around sex and penetration and what would help to ease your concerns.

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As we celebrate our women this month, we bring you the best stories and the most inspiring features to get you going.
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