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Developmental delays in children: What you should know 

A developmental delay occurs when a child doesn’t gain developmental skills as expected compared to others of the same age, in areas of motor function, speech and language, cognitive, play, and social skills.

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A developmental delay occurs when a child doesn’t gain developmental skills as expected compared to others of the same age, in areas of motor function, speech and language, cognitive, play, and social skills. Differences in brain development, processing information and reaction to environment impact a child’s ability to learn, communicate and interact. These delays may last for a lifetime with signs usually noticed before age two.

Causes of developmental delays

Developmental delays can be associated with several factors including prenatal and birth factors, parental health, and genetic conditions. Metabolic disorders may also cause brain damage and learning disabilities. Complications during pregnancy, prolonged labour, premature birth, low birth weight, lack of oxygen during delivery, exposure of mother or child to high levels of environmental toxins, trauma, maternal infections, nutritional deficiency and malnutrition, physical abuse, neglect, maltreatment, use of drugs or alcohol during pregnancy, untreated newborn Jaundice, and childhood diseases all have the potential to cause developmental delays.

Symptoms of developmental delays

Children with developmental delays learn and develop more slowly compared with others of the same age. They have difficulties in communicating, struggle to socialize, have problems remembering things, are unable to connect actions with consequences, have difficulty with problem-solving, and inability to do everyday tasks. Have difficulties learning to talk or making common phonetic sounds. 

Therapy for developmental delays

There is no cure for developmental delays; however, treatment strategies can be directed to the specific delay to effectively support children. Such strategies include which include the following.

Physical therapy

Physiotherapy is one of the allied health professions, provided as a primary care treatment to promote and restore health through physical examination, intervention, rehabilitation, and disease prevention. It is very beneficial to children with developmental delays involving gross motor skills. Through the process, the brain better learns how to control muscles and improve coordination of body parts and improve fine motor skills. Physiotherapy also addresses illnesses that limit a child’s ability to move and perform functional activities in their daily lives.

Occupational therapy

Occupational therapy is also an allied health profession involving the use of assessment and intervention to develop, recover, or maintain meaningful activities of individuals, therapeutic use of everyday activities, to treat physical, mental and emotional ailments that impact a person’s ability to perform daily tasks. It helps in developmental delays related to sensory processing as well as improving self-help skills and helping children with disabilities to participate in school and social situations.

Speech & language therapy

This therapy can be used to address problems in the areas of understanding and producing language and speech sounds. It is used to assess and treat speech disorders and communication problems in areas of understanding and producing language and speech sounds. It also helps people develop skills like comprehension, clarity, voice, fluency and sound production and can treat childhood speech disorders. The therapist’s role is to provide support and care for those with communication difficulties. 

SEE ALSO: What to do to understand your child better  

Early childhood special education 

Early childhood special education services are designed for children who need specially designed instruction and related services to support in developmentally appropriate activities. Early identification of the type of developmental delay and learning disability is important. Programs and services are offered to ensure children with challenges have appropriate education designed to meet their unique needs and make progress. 

Behavioural therapy

Behavioural therapy describes a broad range of techniques used to change behavioural disorders to reinforce desirable behaviours and eliminate unwanted ones. It is rooted in the principles of behaviourism that learning is from our environment. Behavioural therapy involves different techniques used to treat individual psychological problems.

How to prevent developmental delays

Parents should take appropriate care during pregnancy and in early childhood periods. Any action by the mother in relation to taking supplements during pregnancy and medication, getting screening for prenatal infections and avoiding exposure to high levels of environmental toxins, trauma, maternal infections, nutritional deficiency and malnutrition, physical abuse, neglect, maltreatment, use of drugs or alcohol during pregnancy, may lead to the unborn child developing developmental delays. Mothers should undergo maternal health checks as required for screening for diabetes, high blood pressure, renal diseases, autoimmune disorders and other maternal infections to ensure the safety of the unborn child.  

Conclusion 

Children with developmental delays often have difficulty dealing with frustration or coping with change when the environment becomes emotionally demanding. They also have prolonged tantrums and take longer to calm down. It is, thus, important for parents to build a deeper understanding of developmental delays, their causes and the support required to assist their children.

The article was written by Dr. Catherine Gichuba, CEO and Lead Consultant at Regional Social Consultants Agency (RESCA).

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‘Yes! We Can End TB’: But Can WHO’s Diagnostic Tools Survive Funding Crunch?

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As the world observed World Tuberculosis Day on 24th March 2026, the global fight against one of history’s deadliest infectious diseases stands at a crossroads. While the World Health Organisation (WHO) has unveiled transformative new diagnostic tools, local health systems, particularly in high-burden countries like Kenya, are sounding the alarm over a funding crisis that threatens to allow emerging forms of the disease to spread unchecked.

Tongue swabs and battery power

On March 24, 2026, the WHO issued updated guidelines recommending a suite of innovative diagnostic technologies designed to bring testing closer to the point of care. For decades, the primary hurdle in TB detection has been the reliance on sputum (phlegm) samples, which many patients, especially children and those with advanced HIV, struggle to produce.

The new recommendations introduce tongue swabs as a viable alternative, allowing for easy, non-invasive specimen collection. Furthermore, the WHO is championing near-point-of-care molecular tests that are portable, battery-operated, and can deliver results in less than an hour. These tests are projected to cost half the price of current molecular diagnostics, potentially saving billions in machine time and commodity costs.

“These new tools could be truly transformative,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “By bringing fast, accurate diagnosis closer to people, we can save lives, curb transmission, and reduce costs.”

Surge of the silent genital TB threat

However, technology alone cannot solve the epidemic if patients remain in the shadows. In Kenya, health officials in Kirinyaga County have flagged a worrying surge in genital tuberculosis, a form of extrapulmonary TB that affects reproductive organs.

Unlike the more common pulmonary TB, which affects the lungs, genital TB is often misdiagnosed due to low awareness and significant social stigma. In women, the bacteria can spread to the uterus, leading to permanent fertility complications if not caught early. Health experts emphasise that while TB is airborne and not a sexually transmitted infection, the stigma surrounding reproductive health often prevents men and women from seeking care.

In hotspots like Mwea, officials are now taking screening services directly to markets and social spaces to reach men, who are currently the most affected group due to delayed health-seeking behaviour.

Funding paradox

The irony of the 2026 TB response lies in the widening gap between scientific innovation and financial reality. The WHO notes that every dollar invested in TB generates up to $43 in health and economic returns. Yet, global health funding is facing severe cuts.

In Kenya, Members of Parliament recently warned that a funding shortfall, dropping from Kshs 1.3 billion to roughly Kshs 1 billion over the last two years, could reverse decades of progress. These cuts directly impact the rollout of the very technologies the WHO is recommending, such as digital X-rays and the maintenance of GeneXpert machines.

“Every time we reduce funding for these diseases, we risk losing the gains we have made,” warned Patrick Munene, MP for Chuka Igambang’ombe. “Eventually, even the investments already made will go to waste.”

Yes! We can end TB

The theme for World TB Day 2026, “Yes! We can end TB: Led by countries, powered by people,” serves as a rallying cry and a warning. Science has provided tools such as tongue swabs for the hard-to-test, portable machines for remote villages, and shorter treatment regimens that have reduced drug-resistant TB therapy from 18 months to just six.

But to bridge the gap between a laboratory breakthrough and a cured patient, the global community must address the funding crisis. Without sustained investment and a concerted effort to dismantle the stigma of silent forms like genital TB, the world’s oldest pandemic may continue to claim many lives every single day.

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‘Yes! We Can End TB’: But Can WHO’s Diagnostic Tools Survive Funding Crunch?

Published

on

As the world observed World Tuberculosis Day on 24th March 2026, the global fight against one of history’s deadliest infectious diseases stands at a crossroads. While the World Health Organisation (WHO) has unveiled transformative new diagnostic tools, local health systems, particularly in high-burden countries like Kenya, are sounding the alarm over a funding crisis that threatens to allow emerging forms of the disease to spread unchecked.

Tongue swabs and battery power

On March 24, 2026, the WHO issued updated guidelines recommending a suite of innovative diagnostic technologies designed to bring testing closer to the point of care. For decades, the primary hurdle in TB detection has been the reliance on sputum (phlegm) samples, which many patients, especially children and those with advanced HIV, struggle to produce.

The new recommendations introduce tongue swabs as a viable alternative, allowing for easy, non-invasive specimen collection. Furthermore, the WHO is championing near-point-of-care molecular tests that are portable, battery-operated, and can deliver results in less than an hour. These tests are projected to cost half the price of current molecular diagnostics, potentially saving billions in machine time and commodity costs.

“These new tools could be truly transformative,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “By bringing fast, accurate diagnosis closer to people, we can save lives, curb transmission, and reduce costs.”

Surge of the silent genital TB threat

However, technology alone cannot solve the epidemic if patients remain in the shadows. In Kenya, health officials in Kirinyaga County have flagged a worrying surge in genital tuberculosis, a form of extrapulmonary TB that affects reproductive organs.

Unlike the more common pulmonary TB, which affects the lungs, genital TB is often misdiagnosed due to low awareness and significant social stigma. In women, the bacteria can spread to the uterus, leading to permanent fertility complications if not caught early. Health experts emphasise that while TB is airborne and not a sexually transmitted infection, the stigma surrounding reproductive health often prevents men and women from seeking care.

In hotspots like Mwea, officials are now taking screening services directly to markets and social spaces to reach men, who are currently the most affected group due to delayed health-seeking behaviour.

Funding paradox

The irony of the 2026 TB response lies in the widening gap between scientific innovation and financial reality. The WHO notes that every dollar invested in TB generates up to $43 in health and economic returns. Yet, global health funding is facing severe cuts.

In Kenya, Members of Parliament recently warned that a funding shortfall, dropping from Kshs 1.3 billion to roughly Kshs 1 billion over the last two years, could reverse decades of progress. These cuts directly impact the rollout of the very technologies the WHO is recommending, such as digital X-rays and the maintenance of GeneXpert machines.

“Every time we reduce funding for these diseases, we risk losing the gains we have made,” warned Patrick Munene, MP for Chuka Igambang’ombe. “Eventually, even the investments already made will go to waste.”

Yes! We can end TB

The theme for World TB Day 2026, “Yes! We can end TB: Led by countries, powered by people,” serves as a rallying cry and a warning. Science has provided tools such as tongue swabs for the hard-to-test, portable machines for remote villages, and shorter treatment regimens that have reduced drug-resistant TB therapy from 18 months to just six.

But to bridge the gap between a laboratory breakthrough and a cured patient, the global community must address the funding crisis. Without sustained investment and a concerted effort to dismantle the stigma of silent forms like genital TB, the world’s oldest pandemic may continue to claim many lives every single day.

For more, click HERE to join our WhatsApp channel!

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Health

Why You Might Want to Skip Using Your Hotel Kettle

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For many travellers, the first order of business upon entering a hotel room is flicking on the kettle for a restorative cup of tea or coffee. However, a wave of recent reports and a viral segment on ITV’s This Morning suggests that this seemingly innocent appliance might be the most unhygienic item in your suite.

Laundry hack no one asked for

The primary concern isn’t just limescale or old water. According to travel experts and hospitality insiders, a small but significant number of guests have been using hotel kettles for the purpose of washing their clothes, rather than for the intended purpose of beverage making.

As highlighted on This Morning, guests have been known to boil their dirty underwear and socks inside the kettle to sanitise them when they don’t have access to a laundry service. While the guests might think the boiling water cleans their garments, the practice leaves behind a bacterial soup for the next occupant.

Experts warn that while boiling water kills many pathogens, it may not reach a high enough temperature for a long enough duration to eliminate certain heat-resistant bacteria or chemical residues left behind by soiled clothing.

The view from the housekeeping staff

A housekeeper has further cemented this story at a luxury accommodation, who shared the grim reality of what happens behind closed doors. Speaking about the hidden habits of guests in high-end rentals and hotels, a cleaner based in Manchester provided a sobering look into what really goes on:

“You’d be surprised at how many treat the kettle like a general-purpose pot because they don’t want to use the sink. Unless there’s a complaint, kettles are usually just wiped on the outside and left in place.”

This revelation points to a major gap in hotel cleaning protocols. While sheets are laundered and surfaces are disinfected, the internal components of small appliances are rarely deep-cleaned between stays unless they are visibly filthy or reported as broken.

Should you be worried?

Well, what do you think?? While the idea of underwear tea is enough to turn anyone’s stomach, the actual health risk varies. Most bacteria are indeed killed at 100°C, but the psychological ick is hard to ignore.

The story has prompted frequent travellers to bring their own collapsible, food-grade silicone kettles to ensure their morning brew is actually fit for consumption. If you aren’t ready to pack your own appliance, travel experts suggest inspecting the inside of the kettle for any unusual residue or odours or sticking to the sealed coffee machine in the lobby.

Next time you’re in a five-star suite in Africa or beyond, you might want to think twice before hitting that switch. It goes without saying that if you didn’t bring it, you don’t know what’s been in it.

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