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CHIKUNGUNYA Mosquito-borne viral disease

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Recently, Nicholas Muraguri, Principal Secretary in the Ministry of Health, announced the outbreak of chikungunya in some parts of Mandera County.  This came a few days after Somalia, a neighbouring country, reported the same at its boarders with Kenya. This brought to light a disease with a strange name that very few people know about. This article sheds light on chikungunya, a little-known disease.

Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease and was first experienced in southern Tanzania in 1952.  Chikungunya is a Makonde (language of ethnic group in south east Tanzania) word meaning “to become contorted” and describes the stooped appearance of sufferers with joint pain (arthralgia).
During the first week of infection, chikungunya virus can be found in the blood and it is passed from human to human through the bites of an infected female mosquito. The mosquitoes commonly involved are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which can also transmit other mosquito-borne viruses such as zika and dengue fever.
These mosquitoes are notorious for biting during the day with peak hours being early morning and afternoon. They usually bite outdoors but Aedes aegypti will also readily feed indoors. After the bite from an infected mosquito, onset of illness occurs usually between four to eight days.
Symptoms of chikungunya
The symptoms of chikungunya usually begin three to seven days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. The most common symptoms are fever and joint pains. Other symptoms may include headache, muscle pains, joint swelling, or rash. The disease does not often result in death but the symptoms can be severe and disabling. People at risk of more severe forms of the disease include newborns infected around the time of birth, older adults (above 65 years) and people with medical conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or heart disease.
It is noteworthy that chikungunya symptoms are similar to those of dengue fever and zika disease, which are spread by the same mosquitoes that transmit chikungunya. Preliminary diagnosis of chikungunya is based on the patient’s clinical features, places and dates of travel, and activities.
Treating chikungunya
There is no medicine or vaccine to treat chikungunya virus but you can treat the symptoms by getting plenty of rest, drinking lots of fluids to prevent dehydration and taking painkillers such as paracetamol to reduce fever and pain. Do not take aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Prevention and control
A significant risk factor for chikungunya and other mosquito-borne diseases is the proximity of mosquito breeding sites to human habitation. As such, prevention and control relies on reducing the number of natural and artificial water filled container habitats that support breeding of the mosquitoes. This calls for sensitisation and awareness creation for communities living in risk areas. During outbreaks, insecticides may be sprayed to kill flying mosquitoes. These are applied to surfaces in and around containers where the mosquitoes land and are also used to treat water in containers to kill the immature larvae.
For protection during outbreaks of chikungunya, clothing which minimises skin exposure to the day-biting mosquitoes is advised. Repellants can be applied on exposed skin or clothing in strict accordance with product label instructions.
For those who sleep during the day particularly young children, or sick or older people, insecticide-treated mosquito nets afford good protection. Mosquito coils or other insecticides vaporisers may also reduce indoor biting. Basic precautions should be taken by people travelling to risk areas and these include use of repellants, wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants and ensuring rooms are fitted with air conditioners to keep mosquitoes out, or windows and doors screens to prevent mosquitoes from entering.

Expert Advice…

If you are using both an insect repellant and a sunscreen, apply the sunscreen first followed by the repellent.
Avoid spreading the disease by preventing mosquito bites as explained in the article.
If you feel unwell and think you could be suffering from chikungunya, take paracetamol to treat the fever and pain, and seek medical advice.

Published in July 2016

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Cover Story

Elizabeth Nzisa: The Firstborn Who Became a Mother Overnight

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While most teenagers spend their days focused on school, friendships, and dreams for the future, Elizabeth Nzisa, fondly known as Shiku, was forced to grow up much faster than she ever imagined. At only 17 years old, she found herself taking on the role of a mother to her three younger siblings after her family was hit by tragedy not once, but twice.

Her story, shared in an emotional interview, is a powerful reflection of strength, sacrifice and the deep bond between siblings. Elizabeth recalls the moment her life changed completely. Her mother died while giving birth to their youngest sibling, a baby boy. In the middle of that painful loss, their father walked away from the family, leaving Elizabeth alone with a newborn and two other young children to care for.

Mama yetu alipass 2024, Feb. Alipass akipata haka katoto kadogo. Dad naye akatuacha akaenda

 

Becoming a Mother Too Soon

She explains that she had no choice but to step up and become the parent in the house. She raised her youngest brother from the day he was born, and to this day he calls her mum, not knowing she is actually his big sister. That detail alone shows how much responsibility she carried at such a young age. She became the provider, the protector, the caregiver, and the emotional support for her siblings while she was still trying to understand life herself. With little help from relatives, Elizabeth had to find ways to survive, balancing school when she could, doing small jobs and making sure her siblings were fed, safe and loved.

The journey was not easy. She faced financial struggles, emotional exhaustion, and the pressure of trying to stay strong even when she felt overwhelmed. There were moments when she doubted herself and wondered if she was doing enough. Still, her story is not about defeat. It is about endurance. Elizabeth talks about finding strength through faith, support from the people around her, and the determination to keep her family together no matter how hard things became.

Over the years, she made sure her siblings stayed in school, had food on the table, and grew up feeling loved despite everything they had lost. What could have been a completely broken home became a family held together by her sacrifice and commitment.

Many viewers reacted emotionally, saying the story moved them to tears. Some described firstborn daughters as second mothers, while others said her life shows the kind of courage people rarely see but should never forget.

 

Click here to read our March issue 2026

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Cover Story

Elizabeth Nzisa: The Firstborn Who Became a Mother Overnight

Published

on

While most teenagers spend their days focused on school, friendships, and dreams for the future, Elizabeth Nzisa, fondly known as Shiku, was forced to grow up much faster than she ever imagined. At only 17 years old, she found herself taking on the role of a mother to her three younger siblings after her family was hit by tragedy not once, but twice.

Her story, shared in an emotional interview, is a powerful reflection of strength, sacrifice and the deep bond between siblings. Elizabeth recalls the moment her life changed completely. Her mother died while giving birth to their youngest sibling, a baby boy. In the middle of that painful loss, their father walked away from the family, leaving Elizabeth alone with a newborn and two other young children to care for.

Mama yetu alipass 2024, Feb. Alipass akipata haka katoto kadogo. Dad naye akatuacha akaenda

 

Becoming a Mother Too Soon

She explains that she had no choice but to step up and become the parent in the house. She raised her youngest brother from the day he was born, and to this day he calls her mum, not knowing she is actually his big sister. That detail alone shows how much responsibility she carried at such a young age. She became the provider, the protector, the caregiver, and the emotional support for her siblings while she was still trying to understand life herself. With little help from relatives, Elizabeth had to find ways to survive, balancing school when she could, doing small jobs and making sure her siblings were fed, safe and loved.

The journey was not easy. She faced financial struggles, emotional exhaustion, and the pressure of trying to stay strong even when she felt overwhelmed. There were moments when she doubted herself and wondered if she was doing enough. Still, her story is not about defeat. It is about endurance. Elizabeth talks about finding strength through faith, support from the people around her, and the determination to keep her family together no matter how hard things became.

Over the years, she made sure her siblings stayed in school, had food on the table, and grew up feeling loved despite everything they had lost. What could have been a completely broken home became a family held together by her sacrifice and commitment.

Many viewers reacted emotionally, saying the story moved them to tears. Some described firstborn daughters as second mothers, while others said her life shows the kind of courage people rarely see but should never forget.

 

Click here to read our March issue 2026

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Cover Story

Endometriosis and sex: How to make intimacy pain-free

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There is no doubt that endometriosis can affect a woman’s way of life. The condition slews a couple of conditions, painful sex being one of them. Penetration pulls and pushes any tissue growth behind the vagina and lower uterus.

Although symptoms may differ from woman to woman, here are some things you can do to lessen your pain and ensure you have some good time:

Take a dose of painkillers

Take an over the counter painkiller that sits well with your body before intercourse and incase pain persists, take another one as prescribed.

Track your cycle and try at certain times of the month

Most women with endometriosis experience excruciating pain during their period and ovulation. Keep track of your cycle so that you can know when you are ovulating. You can use apps like my calendar and flo period tracker to track your periods. This will help you know when best to engage in sexual intercourse.

READ ALSO: Crucial Facts About Endometriosis Everyone Should Know About

Use lube

Vaginal dryness is not something to be ashamed of and if you happen to have it, lube should be your best buddy. Make sure to use any silicon or water based lubricant anytime you feel like your vagina is dry. Ensure the application is of good amount to achieve a wet area.

Explore alternatives

Talk with your partner about things that turn you on and bring you pleasure. Just to mention a few; mutual masturbation, foreplay, kissing and mutual fondling. Sex does not have to mean intercourse.

Try different positions

Experimenting different positions can teach you and your partner which ones hurt and the ones that bring direct pleasure with no or less pain. Positions that are considered better vary from person to person so take the time to explore and learn yourself with your partner.

Find the right rhythm

Finding the right rhythm can help you experience less discomfort during sex. Quick thrusting or deep penetration can aggravate pain. Talk to your partner about that which you do not like and find ways that will satisfy the both of you like exchanging positions so that you can control the speed and rhythm.

Bottom line

Intimacy does not have to be boring, painful or make you hate the condition that you have. Talk openly about your feelings around sex and penetration and what would help to ease your concerns.

Our FREE  e-paper March Issue is here!
As we celebrate our women this month, we bring you the best stories and the most inspiring features to get you going.
Click HERE to read!

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