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Eight Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) Facts You Should Know

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Late last month, the Ministry of Health expressed concern that even though the number of new HIV infections in the country had significantly decreased, there was a worrying rise of new infections among young people aged 29 years and below. One of the strategies that have been known to combat HIV infections is Post-Exposure Prophylaxis? (PEP). We reached out to Prof. Kenneth Ngure, Associate Professor of Global Health, School of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), to help us understand more about PEP.


What exactly is Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)?


Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV is given after somebody has had accidental exposure to HIV with a contact who is HIV infected or has unknown HIV status.

Why do you use the word “accidental”?


I say accidentally because for any exposure that is not accidental then people need to use the current prevention strategies and they are many. There is the Old ABCs, you can use PrEP, and you can test somebody before sexual intercourse. So there are many interventions that you can use before and these are known as pre-exposure. So post-exposure should be accidental. It should not be planned. It is not even designed as a regular HIV prevention method.

Is PEP an injection or a tablet?

PEP is available as a single already available tablet or combinations of tablets that are taken for a whole month.


Where can one find PEP?

PEP is found in all government hospitals and it is also found in private hospitals.

Prof. Kenneth Ngure during the Media for Environment, Science, Health, and Agriculture’s one-on-one science café in Nairobi. Photo credit: MESHA

 

Who is eligible to use PEP?


Those who can access it are those who have had accidental exposure to HIV. Accidental exposure could even include a condom break. So you had taken all the measures, you had even had your condom then you’ve had a breakage.

 

How soon after exposure should someone start using PEP?


This should be accessed within 72 hours. You should go to a hospital and ideally before you start PEP, you should be tested for HIV.

SEE ALSO: Science Concept That Is Curbing Spread Of HIV

What about circumstances where young people fail to act when individuals who want to engage in sexual activity disclose that they are HIV positive?


Ideally, from where I stand you should be given PEP. But what the young people are doing, they are also making it a regular method of HIV prevention. So it is not accidental, it is by design. So you take PEP this month, and after next month you take again PEP. That is not ideal.


What are the risks associated with using PEP as a routine HIV prevention strategy?


If, for example, you are not able to finish your PEP because many people are unable to take it for a full month due to the taste or some of the side effects experienced, if HIV is able to penetrate then you are risking resistance.
So ideally, once it becomes very regular then people start facing those challenges that you know, you are probably not even very sure of your HIV status or you are not finishing your treatment because you say, I had PEP last month.


I would encourage especially young people to use the known methods and only use that PEP in very exceptional circumstances. And I know there may be health providers who would say that they would not give you PEP because you had designed to expose yourself. But ideally, anybody who has had exposure should also be given but with proper counselling so that they know the HIV prevention that is available.

Featured Image: UNAIDS

 

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‘Yes! We Can End TB’: But Can WHO’s Diagnostic Tools Survive Funding Crunch?

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As the world observed World Tuberculosis Day on 24th March 2026, the global fight against one of history’s deadliest infectious diseases stands at a crossroads. While the World Health Organisation (WHO) has unveiled transformative new diagnostic tools, local health systems, particularly in high-burden countries like Kenya, are sounding the alarm over a funding crisis that threatens to allow emerging forms of the disease to spread unchecked.

Tongue swabs and battery power

On March 24, 2026, the WHO issued updated guidelines recommending a suite of innovative diagnostic technologies designed to bring testing closer to the point of care. For decades, the primary hurdle in TB detection has been the reliance on sputum (phlegm) samples, which many patients, especially children and those with advanced HIV, struggle to produce.

The new recommendations introduce tongue swabs as a viable alternative, allowing for easy, non-invasive specimen collection. Furthermore, the WHO is championing near-point-of-care molecular tests that are portable, battery-operated, and can deliver results in less than an hour. These tests are projected to cost half the price of current molecular diagnostics, potentially saving billions in machine time and commodity costs.

“These new tools could be truly transformative,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “By bringing fast, accurate diagnosis closer to people, we can save lives, curb transmission, and reduce costs.”

Surge of the silent genital TB threat

However, technology alone cannot solve the epidemic if patients remain in the shadows. In Kenya, health officials in Kirinyaga County have flagged a worrying surge in genital tuberculosis, a form of extrapulmonary TB that affects reproductive organs.

Unlike the more common pulmonary TB, which affects the lungs, genital TB is often misdiagnosed due to low awareness and significant social stigma. In women, the bacteria can spread to the uterus, leading to permanent fertility complications if not caught early. Health experts emphasise that while TB is airborne and not a sexually transmitted infection, the stigma surrounding reproductive health often prevents men and women from seeking care.

In hotspots like Mwea, officials are now taking screening services directly to markets and social spaces to reach men, who are currently the most affected group due to delayed health-seeking behaviour.

Funding paradox

The irony of the 2026 TB response lies in the widening gap between scientific innovation and financial reality. The WHO notes that every dollar invested in TB generates up to $43 in health and economic returns. Yet, global health funding is facing severe cuts.

In Kenya, Members of Parliament recently warned that a funding shortfall, dropping from Kshs 1.3 billion to roughly Kshs 1 billion over the last two years, could reverse decades of progress. These cuts directly impact the rollout of the very technologies the WHO is recommending, such as digital X-rays and the maintenance of GeneXpert machines.

“Every time we reduce funding for these diseases, we risk losing the gains we have made,” warned Patrick Munene, MP for Chuka Igambang’ombe. “Eventually, even the investments already made will go to waste.”

Yes! We can end TB

The theme for World TB Day 2026, “Yes! We can end TB: Led by countries, powered by people,” serves as a rallying cry and a warning. Science has provided tools such as tongue swabs for the hard-to-test, portable machines for remote villages, and shorter treatment regimens that have reduced drug-resistant TB therapy from 18 months to just six.

But to bridge the gap between a laboratory breakthrough and a cured patient, the global community must address the funding crisis. Without sustained investment and a concerted effort to dismantle the stigma of silent forms like genital TB, the world’s oldest pandemic may continue to claim many lives every single day.

For more, click HERE to join our WhatsApp channel!

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‘Yes! We Can End TB’: But Can WHO’s Diagnostic Tools Survive Funding Crunch?

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on

As the world observed World Tuberculosis Day on 24th March 2026, the global fight against one of history’s deadliest infectious diseases stands at a crossroads. While the World Health Organisation (WHO) has unveiled transformative new diagnostic tools, local health systems, particularly in high-burden countries like Kenya, are sounding the alarm over a funding crisis that threatens to allow emerging forms of the disease to spread unchecked.

Tongue swabs and battery power

On March 24, 2026, the WHO issued updated guidelines recommending a suite of innovative diagnostic technologies designed to bring testing closer to the point of care. For decades, the primary hurdle in TB detection has been the reliance on sputum (phlegm) samples, which many patients, especially children and those with advanced HIV, struggle to produce.

The new recommendations introduce tongue swabs as a viable alternative, allowing for easy, non-invasive specimen collection. Furthermore, the WHO is championing near-point-of-care molecular tests that are portable, battery-operated, and can deliver results in less than an hour. These tests are projected to cost half the price of current molecular diagnostics, potentially saving billions in machine time and commodity costs.

“These new tools could be truly transformative,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “By bringing fast, accurate diagnosis closer to people, we can save lives, curb transmission, and reduce costs.”

Surge of the silent genital TB threat

However, technology alone cannot solve the epidemic if patients remain in the shadows. In Kenya, health officials in Kirinyaga County have flagged a worrying surge in genital tuberculosis, a form of extrapulmonary TB that affects reproductive organs.

Unlike the more common pulmonary TB, which affects the lungs, genital TB is often misdiagnosed due to low awareness and significant social stigma. In women, the bacteria can spread to the uterus, leading to permanent fertility complications if not caught early. Health experts emphasise that while TB is airborne and not a sexually transmitted infection, the stigma surrounding reproductive health often prevents men and women from seeking care.

In hotspots like Mwea, officials are now taking screening services directly to markets and social spaces to reach men, who are currently the most affected group due to delayed health-seeking behaviour.

Funding paradox

The irony of the 2026 TB response lies in the widening gap between scientific innovation and financial reality. The WHO notes that every dollar invested in TB generates up to $43 in health and economic returns. Yet, global health funding is facing severe cuts.

In Kenya, Members of Parliament recently warned that a funding shortfall, dropping from Kshs 1.3 billion to roughly Kshs 1 billion over the last two years, could reverse decades of progress. These cuts directly impact the rollout of the very technologies the WHO is recommending, such as digital X-rays and the maintenance of GeneXpert machines.

“Every time we reduce funding for these diseases, we risk losing the gains we have made,” warned Patrick Munene, MP for Chuka Igambang’ombe. “Eventually, even the investments already made will go to waste.”

Yes! We can end TB

The theme for World TB Day 2026, “Yes! We can end TB: Led by countries, powered by people,” serves as a rallying cry and a warning. Science has provided tools such as tongue swabs for the hard-to-test, portable machines for remote villages, and shorter treatment regimens that have reduced drug-resistant TB therapy from 18 months to just six.

But to bridge the gap between a laboratory breakthrough and a cured patient, the global community must address the funding crisis. Without sustained investment and a concerted effort to dismantle the stigma of silent forms like genital TB, the world’s oldest pandemic may continue to claim many lives every single day.

For more, click HERE to join our WhatsApp channel!

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Why You Might Want to Skip Using Your Hotel Kettle

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For many travellers, the first order of business upon entering a hotel room is flicking on the kettle for a restorative cup of tea or coffee. However, a wave of recent reports and a viral segment on ITV’s This Morning suggests that this seemingly innocent appliance might be the most unhygienic item in your suite.

Laundry hack no one asked for

The primary concern isn’t just limescale or old water. According to travel experts and hospitality insiders, a small but significant number of guests have been using hotel kettles for the purpose of washing their clothes, rather than for the intended purpose of beverage making.

As highlighted on This Morning, guests have been known to boil their dirty underwear and socks inside the kettle to sanitise them when they don’t have access to a laundry service. While the guests might think the boiling water cleans their garments, the practice leaves behind a bacterial soup for the next occupant.

Experts warn that while boiling water kills many pathogens, it may not reach a high enough temperature for a long enough duration to eliminate certain heat-resistant bacteria or chemical residues left behind by soiled clothing.

The view from the housekeeping staff

A housekeeper has further cemented this story at a luxury accommodation, who shared the grim reality of what happens behind closed doors. Speaking about the hidden habits of guests in high-end rentals and hotels, a cleaner based in Manchester provided a sobering look into what really goes on:

“You’d be surprised at how many treat the kettle like a general-purpose pot because they don’t want to use the sink. Unless there’s a complaint, kettles are usually just wiped on the outside and left in place.”

This revelation points to a major gap in hotel cleaning protocols. While sheets are laundered and surfaces are disinfected, the internal components of small appliances are rarely deep-cleaned between stays unless they are visibly filthy or reported as broken.

Should you be worried?

Well, what do you think?? While the idea of underwear tea is enough to turn anyone’s stomach, the actual health risk varies. Most bacteria are indeed killed at 100°C, but the psychological ick is hard to ignore.

The story has prompted frequent travellers to bring their own collapsible, food-grade silicone kettles to ensure their morning brew is actually fit for consumption. If you aren’t ready to pack your own appliance, travel experts suggest inspecting the inside of the kettle for any unusual residue or odours or sticking to the sealed coffee machine in the lobby.

Next time you’re in a five-star suite in Africa or beyond, you might want to think twice before hitting that switch. It goes without saying that if you didn’t bring it, you don’t know what’s been in it.

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