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Common causes of infertility in women

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Conception is often taken for granted. However, for some women, it is an uphill task and a painful journey as conceiving their own bundle of joy is fraught with difficulty or may never happen at all for one reason or another.

This article explores some of the common causes of difficult conception and infertility in women.

Basically, the life of a human being starts when a sperm from a man fertilises an egg from a woman.

Ovulation – the release of a mature egg from the ovary – usually occurs around 14 days before the start of menstrual period.

The egg is then swept down the fallopian tube and ushered towards the uterus. If the egg is fertilised on its journey, it lodges on the womb lining and pregnancy begins.

There are a number of factors that can disrupt this process at any step leading to infertility.

Infertility is often described as the inability to conceive after a year of unprotected sex and one or more of the factors outlined below can cause it.

Anomalies of the reproductive system

With anomalies of the reproductive system, the problem usually lies with the fallopian tubes. Often times, the tubes or the uterus is blocked due to the presence of abnormal tissue.

Once the fallopian tube is blocked, then the eggs cannot move from the ovary to the uterus. Common causes of blockage include:

Uterine fibroids: Fibroids are growths within and around the uterus. Fibroids that grow within the uterine cavity as opposed to the wall affect fertility since they change the shape of the uterus, cervix or blood flow, which in turn affects the number and movement of eggs and sperms within the womb.

While it is possible to conceive while having fibroids, often times, it is difficult and miscarriages and cases of pre- term labour are common.

Polyps: These are non-cancerous growths on the surface of the uterus. Polyps interfere with the normal functioning of the uterus and make it difficult for a woman to remain pregnant after conception. However, they can be removed surgically.

Previous surgeries: Previous surgeries or injuries to the reproductive system and especially the uterus increase the risk of miscarriages and infertility due to scarring which makes it difficult for fertilised eggs to attach on the uterine wall.

Unusually shaped uterus: Contrary to popular belief, not all uteruses are pear shaped. Some are unusually shaped and cause complications and miscarriages. In some cases, the uterus may fail to develop altogether.

Endometriosis: This is when the cells supposed to line the uterine wall grow outside the uterus instead. This may interrupt the egg’s movement through the fallopian tube, attachment to the uterine wall or even the ability to support a full term pregnancy.

Ovulation difficulties: Diminished ovarian reserve can be attributed to a low egg count or failure to release the eggs altogether. This can be attributed to factors such as ageing of the ovaries or other conditions such as primary ovary insufficiency whereby a woman ovulates irregularly or stops producing eggs at a very young age.

Other causes include ovarian cysts (caused by endometriosis), ovarian tumours, radiation or chemotherapy, immunological conditions, being anorexic or a high body mass index resulting from being overweight.

Hormonal imbalance: Endocrine disorders where there are higher levels of some hormones than others affect the ovulation process, for instance, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This is a condition where a woman’s ovaries, and in some cases the adrenal glands, produce more androgens (male sex hormones) than normal.

These hormones interfere with the development of the ovarian follicles and release of eggs during ovulation and may cause fluid-filled sacs or cysts to develop within the ovaries.

Diseases and infections: Infections such as sexually transmitted diseases can affect fertility as they create a hostile environment for fertility. Common culprits include chlamydia and gonorrhoea, which go on to cause pelvic inflammatory disease. Infections of the cervix can also reduce the quality of the cervical environment such as thinning of the cervical mucus, which helps to create a conducive environment for pregnancy.

Autoimmune disorders such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can also force the immune system to attack normal body tissues and as such, cause a woman’s immune system to reject eggs or sperm for fertilisation, attachment to the uterine wall or cut off the blood supply to an implanted embryo.

READ ALSO: https://bodywisegardens.com/what-not-to-say-to-someone-struggling-to-conceive/

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Heartbreak as Body of 12-Year-Old Blessed Claire Muthoni Arrives Home from India

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Kenyans are mourning the loss of Blessed Claire Muthoni, a brave 12-year-old girl from Kihuri in Othaya, Nyeri County, who passed away while undergoing specialised cancer treatment in New Delhi. Claire had been fighting stage 4 cancer for over three years.

The aggressive disease took a heavy toll on her young body, eventually leading to the amputation of one of her legs. Despite the pain and the many challenges she faced, Claire remained hopeful and courageous throughout her journey, inspiring many who followed her story.

On January 19, 2026, she travelled to India with her mother in search of advanced treatment aimed at saving her remaining leg and managing the cancer that had spread to her lungs. The journey was filled with hope, supported by Kenyans from all walks of life who contributed towards her treatment and kept her in their prayers.

A brave fight

While in India, Claire underwent several chemotherapy sessions. Unfortunately, her condition worsened after developing complications, leading to her admission to the Intensive Care Unit. She passed away in hospital last week, leaving behind a grieving family and a nation that had stood with her.

On Monday, March 30, 2026, her remains arrived at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport. The atmosphere at the airport was filled with grief as family members, friends and well-wishers gathered to receive her. Her mother returned home alone, carrying a loss no parent should have to endure.

Claire will be laid to rest in her home area of Othaya in the coming days, as her family begins the difficult process of saying their final goodbyes.

Her story touched thousands across the country, many of whom followed her journey through updates and fundraising efforts. She became a symbol of strength and resilience, and her passing has deeply affected those who had hoped to see her recover.

Beyond the grief, her story has once again brought attention to the challenges families face when dealing with childhood cancer in Kenya. The high cost of specialised treatment, limited access to advanced care locally, and the emotional and financial strain on families often force many to seek treatment abroad.

Read our March issue here 

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Cover Story

Heartbreak as Body of 12-Year-Old Blessed Claire Muthoni Arrives Home from India

Published

on

Kenyans are mourning the loss of Blessed Claire Muthoni, a brave 12-year-old girl from Kihuri in Othaya, Nyeri County, who passed away while undergoing specialised cancer treatment in New Delhi. Claire had been fighting stage 4 cancer for over three years.

The aggressive disease took a heavy toll on her young body, eventually leading to the amputation of one of her legs. Despite the pain and the many challenges she faced, Claire remained hopeful and courageous throughout her journey, inspiring many who followed her story.

On January 19, 2026, she travelled to India with her mother in search of advanced treatment aimed at saving her remaining leg and managing the cancer that had spread to her lungs. The journey was filled with hope, supported by Kenyans from all walks of life who contributed towards her treatment and kept her in their prayers.

A brave fight

While in India, Claire underwent several chemotherapy sessions. Unfortunately, her condition worsened after developing complications, leading to her admission to the Intensive Care Unit. She passed away in hospital last week, leaving behind a grieving family and a nation that had stood with her.

On Monday, March 30, 2026, her remains arrived at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport. The atmosphere at the airport was filled with grief as family members, friends and well-wishers gathered to receive her. Her mother returned home alone, carrying a loss no parent should have to endure.

Claire will be laid to rest in her home area of Othaya in the coming days, as her family begins the difficult process of saying their final goodbyes.

Her story touched thousands across the country, many of whom followed her journey through updates and fundraising efforts. She became a symbol of strength and resilience, and her passing has deeply affected those who had hoped to see her recover.

Beyond the grief, her story has once again brought attention to the challenges families face when dealing with childhood cancer in Kenya. The high cost of specialised treatment, limited access to advanced care locally, and the emotional and financial strain on families often force many to seek treatment abroad.

Read our March issue here 

Continue Reading

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Shock as Section of Gikomba Shoe Market Demolished Overnight

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Traders at Nairobi’s bustling Gikomba Market are counting heavy losses after a section of the popular shoe market (mitumba shoe section) was demolished overnight by Nairobi City County enforcement teams. The operation took place in the early hours of Tuesday morning.

Videos and photos circulating on social media show destroyed merchandise and devastated traders who arrived at the market this morning to find their businesses in ruins. According to reports, the county government carried out the demolition after an eviction notice lapsed. This happened even though the High Court (Environment and Land Court) had earlier issued and extended conservatory orders in March 2026, halting mass demolitions and evictions at Gikomba and surrounding areas along the Nairobi River.

Repeated demolitions

Demolitions at Gikomba are not new. As far back as 1977, the original market was brought down by the government to pave the way for light industries. In recent years, attention has shifted to the riparian land along the Nairobi River, with authorities proposing to expand the buffer zone from 30 metres to 50 metres in a bid to control flooding.

Many traders have raised concerns over what they describe as poor consultation, shifting relocation plans and the lack of a clear and secure alternative site. There are also growing fears that the process could open the door to land grabbing and cartel involvement.

Impact

For most traders at Gikomba, the market is more than just a place of business. It is their only source of livelihood. Repeated fires and demolitions have created a cycle of uncertainty, financial strain and constant rebuilding. Many small business owners say they struggle to recover after each loss, only to face another setback months later.

Calls for improved fire safety measures, fair relocation plans and meaningful engagement with authorities continue to grow louder. Without long term and sustainable solutions, Gikomba traders will continue to bear the high cost of operating in one of Nairobi’s busiest yet most vulnerable markets.

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